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UNIVERSAL FUEL INJECTOR.

No. 561,934. Patented June 9, 1896.

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UNIVERSAL FUEL INJECTOR.

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UNIVERSAL FUEL INJECTOR.

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UNITED STATES ANDREXV BRYCE AND LAWRENCE J. KENNEDY, ()F ALLEGHENY,PENNSYL- VANIA, ASSIGNORS, BY DIRECT AN D MESNEASSIGNIVIEN'IS, TO THEBRYCE I NIVERSAI. FUEL FIRING APPARATUS COMPANY, OF PITTSHI RG, PENN-SYI. ANIA.

UNIVERSAL FUEL-INJECTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 561,934, dated June 9,1.896. Application fil rldanuery 29, 1894. Serial No. 498,378. (Nomodel.)

To all whon'z, it may concern;

Be it known that we, ANDREW BRYCE and LAWRENCE .I KENNEDY, citizens ofthe United States, residing at Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny andState of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a new and usefulUniversal Fuel-Injector, of which the following is a specification.

In the accompanying drawings, which make part of this specification,Figure I is a plan of double injectors and connection applied to afire-box of a locomotive, shown in horizontal section. Fig. II is anelevation of the injectors and connections with the fire-box and finesin vertical sections to which it is applied. Fig. III is an endelevation of Fig. I. Fi IV is a longitudinal vertical section throughinjectors. Fig. V is a horizontal longitudinal. section through delivery-tip. Fig. V1 is an end view of delivery-tip. Fig. VII is a section online CL CL of Fig. V. Fig. VIII is a section on line I) Z) of Fig. IV.Fig. IX is a section on line y y of Fig. IV; Fig. X, on line of Fig. IV;Fig. XI, on line a; of Fig. IV. Fig. XII is a central vertical sectionof the delivery-tip, reciprocating sleeve, and delivcry'plng attachedmoved forward; Fig. XIII, a central vertical section of governor; andFig. XIV,a detail view,in vertical section, of the forward end ofneedle-valve injector.

The purposes of our invention, generally stated, are to devise auniversal fuel-injector for gas, oil, coniminnted solids, or any ofthese, the propulsive force being steam or air, or both, superheated ornot, with means for automatically regulating the volume of eachconstituent injected.

For the purpose of illustration we have shown two of our injectorsattached to a firebox of a locomotive; but the number of the injectorsmay obviously be varied and the apparatus attached to any fire-box.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, I isthe 1ire-box,having rear water-deg 2. Through thiinbles 3 3 in said legare inserted the delivery-tip of our injectors.

t is the grate-bar, and 5 the door.

6 U are the lines, through one of which extends superheated-steain pipe7. To protect the latter at the frontof the fire-box from the intenseheat, as well as to receive the impact of projected fuel, we providemasonry S.

9 is a fuel-pipe (see Fig. III) by which coniininuted fuel is conveyedfrom any suitable 5 bin by branches 10 10 to the injectors.

11 11 are airor gas pipes leading toin jectors.

2 is the oil-pipe, having branches 13 13 connected to injectors.

14 14: are hot-air pipes leading from interior of fire box anddischarging into the injectors near where the pulverized fuel enterssame. They also serve to fasten the injectors firmly in place.

The superheated steam pipe 7 has two 6 5 branches 15 15, each beingconnected, respec tively, to T 16. One line of connections, oneregulating-lever, and one injector only will now be described, as theyare in duplicate. T 16 connects on the left, as seen in Fig. IV, withsteam-valve 17, connected by nipple 18 to T 19, having drip'cock 2i),and through pipe 79 with injector. On the right, T 16 con nects withvalve 21, and by nipple 22, union 23, and nipple 24 with shell '25 ofsteam-inspirator.

26 is a regulating-lever provided at its lefthand end withbalancing-weight 27, which is grooved on one side at 42 to engage theperiphery of the wheel 61, so as to cause a slight longitudinalreciprocating motion to be given to the hollow spindle 60 by the rise orfall of the said lever, and yet the said hollow spindle 60 is permittedto be revolved at will independently in its place by loosening set-screw7 3. S

28, 29, 30, and 31 are collars capable of adjustment along the lever byset-screws. Pivoted links 32, 33, and 3% connect three of said collarsto collars 35, 2:36, and 37, respectively, on valve-handles 38, 39, andof oilvalve 41, primary steam-valve 17, and secondary steam-valve 21.Collars 31, by link as, is connected to plunger of governor. (Best seenin Fig. XIII.) Said governor consists of shell i6, having screw-cap I7,with air-discharge passage 4:8. is coiled spring 49.

50 is the packed plunger-head, having in Around plunger-rod 45combination with the ring-packed head the invertedcup-shaped flexiblepacking 51 and washer 52 and nut 43 below the plunger-head. The plunger-stem 45 rests loosely upon the adj usting-plug 53 and has a squareprojection on its outside end to receive a wrench or actuating-lever forthe purpose of raising or lowering the plunger-stem 45 and through it tocommunicate motion to the regulating-lever 26, which in turncommunicates motion to all of the valve-levers of the injector, and inthis simple manner adjusting simultaneously and uniformly not only allof the valves, but also the tension-sprin g of the governor. Shell 46 issecured into elbow 5%, connected with hotwater pipe 55, leading from thefront waterleg and controlled by valve 50.

The construction of the injectors will now be described.

Generally speaking, the injectors are composed of the followingparts:the needle-valve injector, (seen at the left of Fig. IV,) where the morevolatile substancessucl1 as gas, steam, hot air, or oil superheated bysteam are introduced; second,t he vacuum or mixing chamber where theproducts received from the needle-valve injector are mingled withcomminuted fuel and additional supplies of hot air; third,theexhaust-chamber connected to the mixing-chamber by a velocity-givingthimble, in which exhaust-chamber the excess of lighter products isdrawn off to auxiliary injectors, (not illustrated;) fourth, theregulating-chamber where the pressure of steam by means of the governorand intermediate connections to a telescoping pipe controls the throw ofthe flared fuel-deflector in the delivery-tip and the thickness of theannular jet delivered from said tip; fifth, the delivery-tip itself,and, sixth, the steam or air actuated inspirator for additional suppliesof air, hot air, or gas, connected with the reguletting-chamber.

The needle-valve injector will first be described. 57 is the shell ofthe needle-valve injector. It is virtually a T and makes a slipjointwith the mixing vacuum-chamber, bein g secured thereto by set-screw 58.At the other end of the shell is gland 59, through which moves hollowspindle 60. Said hollow spindle (30 is threaded at 61 at its outer end,the thread projecting from the surface of the spindle to receivehand-wheel 62, which turns in groove 42 in weight 27 on lever 26. Saidwheel also acts as a packing-gland and is the means for oscillatinglongitudinally both of the combined spindles 6O and 65, which thusregulate the volume and force of the annular jet of atomized oil throughthe reciprocation of the jet (37,. Said spindle is internally threadedat.63 to engage with thread 64 on valve-spindle U5. Said hollow spindle(30 does not extend quite through the whole length of the shell butterminates before it reaches the mixing-chamben At its forward end it isthreaded to receive connecting-sleeve 66, the latter being internallythreaded its entire length. Into the latter is screwed jet 67, said jethaving as a backing sleeve 68, against which it locks. Sleeve 68 may bemade in different lengths, so that when the lengths of the jets arevaried the jets may nevertheless be firmly locked against the sleeve.These steam-passages communicate with antechamber inside of conicalprojection 7 2, which divides steam from oil, the steam-passages 71. 71allowing steam to pass from steam-pipe 79 and the interior of the hollowspindle and thence to mixing-chamber.

104: is a cone with a slip-joint, which forms a dividing-wall betweenthe air and the oil passages.

72 is an internal integral cone projecting from the inside of the shell57, which forms a dividing-wall between the steam and the oil.

73 is a screw penetrating shell 57 and working in longitudinal groove 74: on the exterior of hollow spindle 60, as seen most clearly in Fig.XIV.

Valve-spindle has valve 75 to meet seat 7 6 in interior of hollowspindle 60. In forming the valve 75 on said spindle 65 it is againslightly reduced in diameter, elongated, flat-- tened, or cut down aboutone-half, leaving a spoon shaped projection large enough to cover one ormore of the transverse exitpassages 71 for the steam and at the sametime leaving one or more open to the annular chamber surrounding thespindle 60 at this point without interfering with the force andsuctional power of the jet 67. This is accomplished by givingquarter-turn to spindle (35. This latter jet is for the purpose ofcreating a vacuum in mixing-chamber S1 for the comminuted solid fuel andis also adapted to be longitudinally adjusted or set by means of theneedle-valve 77, which is threaded and screwed into the end of thespindle (35 and can be set so as to stop the motor-jet entirely or to soregulate the motor force by dividing it with the annular atoinizing-jetthrough the exit-aperture 71. The said jet 67 and needlevalve 77 aremade adjustable also for the purpose of regulating the volume and forceof the motor-jet, thereby increasing or diminishing the suctional powerof the vacuum, varying as the comminuted solids are light or heavy, orthe wants of the plant, or to the quantity or the distance th at theyare drawn through the induction-conduits connecting the vacuumchamberand fuel-supply. It will be noted that the hollow spindle 60,needle-valve stem 65, adjustable nozzle 67, sleeve 68, andconneotingsleeve 66 are constructed of such relative diameters that byloosening thumbscrew 7 3 they may be quickly removed by simply pullingon spindle (55 and adjusted and cleaned, in case of clogging, and asspeedily replaced.

In the lower part of T-shell 57 is inserted the hollow plug 78, whichcommunicates with the oil-pipe. The upper end of this plug fits with atapering slip-joint into an opening in cone 104. Centrally into hollowplug 7 8 is inserted a hollow bolt 79, serving as a steampipe, which isthreaded at its upper end into shell At its lower end it is screwed intoT 10 and has annular shoulder to bear against lower end of hollow plug 78. When said shoulder is brought to bear against said plug, it looks inplace the plug and also cone 10L, because of the tapering slip-jointwhich the latter makes with the oil-chamber 7 8. Through pipe 105, Fig.IX, (which may connect either with a gas-main or with the interior ofthe furnace for hot air, dependent on whether oil or gas is used asfuel,) heated air or gas is fed into the space between the hollow plug78 and lower part of shell 57.

The vacuum or mixing chamber 81 is substantially an inverted T, into theupper end of which the fuel-pipe 10 enters to give proper direction tothe hot air and to prevent fuel from pipe 10 entering the pipes 1a 11.The conical piece 82, acting as nozzle for fuel-pipe 10, is secured intothe upper part of the mixing-chamber. llere also the heated-air pipesl-t 14: enter the mixing-chamber. The mixin g-chamber is secured to theshell 83 of the exhaust-chamber by screw 84, and connected by shortthimble 8-5, which, being of smaller diameter, acts as a velocity-giver.The exhaust-chamber communicates on one side by pipe so with auxiliaryinjector of any desired pattern, (not here shown) and on the other sideby pipe 103 with secondary injector. The exhaust-chamber is therefore afour-way chamber.

87 is shell of rcgulating-chamber connected by a slip-joint andset-screw S8 with exhaustchamher. Screwed into the forward end of saidexhaustchambcr is guide-pipe S9. The shell of the exhaust-chamber is cutaway at four points, as seen at a a, Fig. VIII, to get a peripheral exitcommunication from chamber of shell 87 with exhaust-chamber S3 and thesectional power of the auxiliary injectors through connecting exit-pipe80.

b I) represent feet that are interposed between the guide-pipe 80 andtelescoping pipe 00, and upon which it slides, leaving the annulardelivery-space 108 between the two aforesaid pipes. The flaredfuel-deflector 91 is screwed or adj ustably fastened to said telescopingpipe 00, and is located in this way between the said guide-pipe 80 andshell 87, so that the two annular spaces 107 and 108 are thusconstructed for the regulated delivery of air or gas from shell. 87.Delivery-tip 92 is fastened by screw 03 to shell 87. The inner circularend of fuel-deflector 01 is tapered or formed wedgeshaped, so that whenit is longitudinally reciprocated it will increase or diminish theoutput of said annular spaces 107 and 108.

The holes 01 i l in telescoping pipe 00 are for the purpose offacilitating the admission of air or gas to the smaller annulardeliveryspace 108. Upon each side of said pipe projects a stud 95, whichengages with slotted rocking lever 90, set on shaft 97 by setscrew 08.Said shaft 97 projects through the lower part of shell 87 ofregulating-chamber and into end of regulating-lever 26, being securedthere by nut 99, all seen in Fig. X. Nipple 100 connects the lower endof shell 87 with shel 25 of secondary air or steam inspirator.

101 is the jet in the inspirator, and 102 a bend connecting inspiratorwith hot-air pipe 11 or with a fuel-gas pipe. The steam and air inletsto the inspirator may have their positions interchanged.

The operation of the devices is as follows, assuming that the fuel isoil: superheated steam is admitted through T 16 and steamvalves 21 and17, the oil-valve 41 having been opened byhand. The steam passingthrough the needle-valve injector will create a Vacuum in mixing-chamber81. This vacuum will act by suction to draw up the oil through theannular opening between steam-pipe 7 9 and the interior of hollow plug78. become superheated and partially vaporized and pass out intomixingchamber. As heat is generated in the furnace heated air will besupplied through pipe 105 to the space between exterior of hollow plug78 and interior of shell 57, and the path of the oil will thus liebetween two heated surfaces. Before the injectors are started it isassumed that valve 75, connecting-sleeve 66, jet 67, and hollow spindle60 of the needle-valve injector have been set to the point required bythe particular fuels employed and the necessities of the plant. Theoil-passage, it will be noticed, throughout its entire course throughthe needle-valve is surrounded by the walls of a heated-air passage andbounded interiorly by the walls of the steam-passage The form of allthese passages'being annular spreads the oil out over a largeheating-surface and delivers it in athin annular sheet of vapor easilyatomized by the superheated annular motorjet formed between '72 and 66.The end of screw 73 entering groove 7 4. prevents both spindlesrevolving when moved longitudinally and acts as a stop or set screw tohold the hollow spindle in place, when so desired, without interferingwith the adjustment of the valve-spindle 05.

The proportions of hot air or gas, when gas is used, are determined byexternal valves.

The quantity of the motor force may be determined either by screwingdown valve 75 toward its seat 76 or by releasing screw 73 and giving aquarter-turn to hollow spindle G0, which changes the size of opening at100 between hollowbolt 79 and hollow spindle, or by giving aquarter-turn to valve-spindle 65, which will cut off one of transversesteamopenings 71 71, as before stated. (See Fig. XIV.) The motor-jettherefore can be very delicately adjusted by cutting down amount ofsteam introduced at 106 by partially rotating hollow spindle (50, whichwill gradually close said opening, as well as by cutting off one of thetransverse steam openings 71 71.

The oil will here The actuating force normally has twochannels ofescape, one through the central bore of the needle-valve and one in theannular space around connecting-sleeve 66, but can be changed at willfrom one escapement to the other by adjusting sleeve 66 or needlevalve'77 longitudinally, so that they may be come stop-valvesinterchangeably.

Should the normal fuel be gas, oil may also be used together withcomminuted fuel to supplement a failing supply, and when the gas isadequate the oil and coal would be out off and the gas used with thesteam, as above described, or alone, beingadmitted through pipe 105 orthrough one of the inlet-s of secondary inspirator 25.

The use of the comminuted solids, which is now to be described, may bewith a motor force of heated compressed air or superheated steam, andeither oil or gas mixed therewith and fired with the coal.

The vacuum in the mixing-chamber sucks the comminuted solids throughpipe 10, which are immediately met by supplies of heated air throughpipe 14. These encounter the thoroughly-atomized oil or gas and steamis-' suing in j ets from needle-valve injector and are mixed with thesame and pass through velocity-giver 85 into exhaust-chamber 83. Thischamber communicates, through pipe 86, with an auxiliary injector of anydesired form, and therefore not shown, and where .duplieate injectorsare used it communicates with.

the other injector. Any excess of blast is here drawn off, as theintention is to give just such momentum to the fuels as will properlydeposit them on the hearth of the fire-chamber without blowing them upthe stack. The commingled fuels next pass through guidepipe 89 and intodelivery-tip 92. The solid fuels here strike flared delivery-plug 91 andare deflected to the hearth, while the gaseous fuel comes out in anannular jet above the solids and therefore interposes between the solidsand the uptake a hot gaseous envelop which must consume the solid carbonbefore it escapes. Meantime, through the secondary inspirator 25,additional quantities of cold or heated air or gas are delivered to theregulating-chamber 87 through openings at. Some portion of this air orgas passes back through openings at (b to exhaust-chamber 83 to minglewith fuel there and reinforce the draft in pipe leading to auxiliaryinjectors and also forward through annular openings numbered 107 and108.

The action of the governor remains to be explained. By means ofscrew-eap 4:7 and adj listing-plug 53 the spring 49 is set at a tensionwhich will give the normal steampressure used in the plant. As thepressure rises the plunger will rise, raising regulating-lever 26. Bythe connecting-links from said lever to the various valves steam will beincreased at valve 16, increasing force of motor-jet and therefore ofsolid fuel injected. Oil will be increased or diminished at will byvalve 41;

also, air or gas by means of the inspirator 25 and by valve 21. Slottedrocking lever 96, also receiving its impulse from said lever 26, willmove forward or backward flared delivery-plug 91, opening or regulatingthe outletapertures, both in forward end of delivery tip and includingalso the annular air or gas jets at 107. Also by the rise or fall of thelever 26 and by means of its connecting device with the spindle-valve itis moved to and fro longitudinally, thus regulating the atomizingcapacity of the annular jet around 66 according to the quantity of fuelused.

To start the apparatus, a fire can be made in the usual way in thecombustion-chamber, or a flame or igniting-match maybe sustained for atime by means of a hand or air pump and a flexible tube connecting itwith the oilinjector 57, Fig. IV, at T 19, using drip-cock 20 for thepurpose, thus spraying the oil and generating the steam-pressure. henthe plunger-stem of the governor begins to rise, the lever 26 will openvalve 17 for the admission of the motor force to the injectors. Ofcourse the thumb-valve 20 must now be shut off and the valve 21 willgradually begin to open and cause the induction of air or gas, as thecase maybe. By means of the inspirator 25 the lever 26 will stillcontinue to rise, gradually opening all of the various valves connectedwith it, and by means of the grooved weight 27 on the left-hand end ofsaid lever moving the hollow-spindle valve-stem forward, thus graduallyincreasing the capacity of the annular oil-atomizing jet around 66.Simultaneously the flared delivery-plug 91 has been moved forward by therocking lever 96, thus gradually opening up all of the several aperturesat the forward end of the injector, including not only the one at thedelivery-tip 91 and 92, but at both of the annular jets 107 and 108,surrounding the delivery end of guide-pipe 89. The ports of the valves17 and 21, (for the arrangements are that before the limit for thesteam-pressure is quite reached the openings are at their fulldelivering capacity,) the steam-pressure still increasing and the leverstill rising,will have passed their registering center and willgradually begin to cut off the amount of fuel delivered to the fire, andthe steampressure decreasing the lever will fall and thus supply againthe desired fuel. However, should the pressure rise a limited number ofdegrees above this the safety-valve of the steam-generator will open andrelieve the pressure, and the plunger stem of the governor havingreached its limit in raising the lever 26 a sufficient amount of fuelwill be supplied to sustain the given pressure of the plant, for a timeat least; but if the pressure decreases the lever 26 gradually fallsagain and admits the gaged quantity of fuel to the fire that is requiredto sustain a uniform degree of pres sure. Thus the whole construction isdelicately adjusted for all emergencies and for a complete interchangeof fuels. The results are that an exceedingly economical use of fuel isobtained and no stoking is required, as the machine automatically feedsitself and the combustion is practically perfect. If desired, thegovernor and slotted weight may be detached from the regulating-leverand the regulation done by hand.

For compactness and simplicity the delivcry-ti p maybe secured directlyto the exhaust chamber and the regulating-chamber omitted, or secured tothe mixing-chamber, omitting velocity-giver, exhaust-chamber,andregulatin g-chamber. The hot air would still be delivered, however, intothe mixing-chamber. The regulatin g-ch amber, delivery-ti p, andinspirator, detached, may make a complete f uelinjector alone.

Having described our invention, we claim 1. The combination of afuel-injector; a furnace fed by said injector; a governorconnccted witha steam-boiler; said boiler; a regulating-lever actuated by the governorwhen the pressure has passed a predetermined point; grooved weight uponsaid lever and a wheel upon the injector-valve adapted to be rotated bythe rise or fall of said weight,

2. In a fuel-injector, the combination of a governor; aregulating-chamber which in- V cludcs a reciprocating pipe; saidreciprocatg pipe bearing a flared fuel-deflector; said flared fuel-deflector and intermediate connections between said governor andsaid pipe.

3. In a fuel-injector, the combination of a governor a regulatingleverconnected with the governor; a shaft extendin gfrom the regulating-leverinto a regulating-chamber; said regulating-011amber; a reciprocatingtubular dclivery-controller and connections between said controller andthe shaft.

4:. In a fuel-injector, the combination of a governor; aregulating-lever connected with the governor; a shaft extending fromsaid regulating-lever into a regulating-chamber; said regulatingchamber;a rocking slotted lever attached to said shaft; a reciprocating pipehaving projections to engage the slot in said lever and a deliverycut-off carried by said pipe.

5. In a fuelinjeetor the combination of a hollow spindle; avalve-spindle therein; a wheel rigidly fastened upon said hollow spindleand having a rearwardly-projecting flan ge forming a recess for packingaro und the valvespindle.

U. In a fuel-injector the combination of a valve-case substantiallyT-shaped; a slipjoint cone, 104, inserted in the forward end of the headof said T and provided with an opening at its rear and lower side; ahollow plug extending longitudinally through the stem of said T andfitting within said opening in cone 104; an internal integral conicalprojection 72, in the head of the T and a hol low boltscrewin g intosaid projection, extending longitudinally through said hollow plug andhaving a shoulder at its lower end to bear against the hollow plug andlock the same in position.

7. In a fuel-injector the combination of a valve-case; a hollow spindleadapted to be reciprocated in said case; transverse outletsteam-passages in said hollow spindle a valve in said hollow spindle cutaway on one side whereby one steampassage may be closed, without closingthe other passage, or the central bore connected therewith.

8. In a fuel-injector, the combination of a valve-case; a hollow spindlein said case, eX- ternally threaded at its forward end to receive athreaded sleeve; a sleeve internally threaded to screw upon said hollowspindle; a backing sleeve inserted in said sleeve and a jet-pipe screwedinto the sleeve, thus adjustably locking firmly both jet and sleeve intoplace.

9. In a fuel-injector, the combination of a regulating-chamber for thedelivery consisting of a shell; a guide-pipe axially set in said shell;a telescoping pipe sliding upon said guide-pipe and a flaredfuel-deflector borne by said telescoping pipe.

10. In a fuel-injector, the combination of an exhaust-chamber; aregulating-chamber into which a flange on said exhaust-chamber slips; apipe extending through said regulating-chamber and inserted into theflange of the exhaust-chamber; openings between said pipe and the flangeof the exhaust-chamber; a secondary injector and connections betweensaid seoondaryinj ector and said openings into the exhaust-chamber.

11. The regulating-chamber of a fuel-injector consisting of a shell; apipe connected with a source of fuel supply, longitudinally set in saidshell and having guide-feet on its periphery; a telescoping pipe movingupon said guide-feet and an adjustable cut-off borne by said telescopingpipe.

12. .In a fuel-injector, the combination of a chamber; a pipereciprocating in said chamber; a tubular flared fuel-deflector taperedexteriorly at its rear end borne by said pipe and forming a continuationthereof; a guid e pipe concentric with said first pipe and connectedwith a fuel supply and a delivery-tip extending from the forward end ofthe chamber.

13. In the regulating-chamber of a fuel-injector, the combination of ashell; a guidepipe in said shell; a telescoping pipe moving upon saidfirst pipe and bearing the flared fuel-deflector, said flaredfuel-deflector; said shell, guide-pipe, and flared fuel-deflector beingof such relative size as to leave an annular discharge between theperiphery of the forward end of said guide-pipe and the interior of theflared fuel-deflector and a second ann ular discharge between theperiphery of the rear of said flared fuel-deflector and the interiorforward end of the shell of the chamber, and fuel supplies for saiddischarge-openlugs.

ITO

14. In a fuel-injector, the combination of a primary injector for gasesand liquids; a mixing-chamber in advance thereof connected with thereservoir of comminuted solid fuel; said reservoir of comminuted fuel; avelociLy-giving pipe connecting said mixing-chamber with anexhaust-chamber; a regulatingchamber connected with the exhaust-chamberand a delivery-rip connected to the regulating-chamben 15. In a governorfor fne1-inject0rs,t-he combination of a shell connected with thesteampressure; a cap for said shell a plunger-head

